Symptoms Cabbage-type rape occurs more often at the seedling stage. It produces round to oval spots on the leaves, stems and pods at the beginning. The center is white to yellowish-white, with purple-brown edges, and the size is 1-2mm. When the humidity is high, the lesions overflow. Red sticky material.
The pathogen, Colletotrichum higginsianum Sacc, called Higgins anthrax, belonging to the fungus Amoeba. Hyphae is colorless and transparent, with a diaphragm. The conidia are small, 25-42 μm in diameter, scattered, mostly buried under the epidermis of the host, dark brown, with bristles. The conidiophore stems are narrow at the top and have a wide base. They are drill-like, colorless, and unit cells. The size is 9-164-5 (μm). The conidia are oblong and blunt at both ends, colorless, unit cells, size 13-183-4.5 (μm). The bacteria can be developed at 13-38°C, and the optimum temperature is 26-30°C. Alkaline conditions favor sporulation, and acidic conditions favor spore germination. Light can stimulate mycelial growth. In addition to harming rapeseed, it can also infect radish, turnip, mustard and other cruciferous vegetables.
Transmission routes and onset conditions The hyphae live over winter in the soil left behind or attached to the seeds. In the following year, the conidia of the conidia grew to invade the germ tube and spread by wind or rain splash. During the incubation period of 3-5 days, the diseased section produces conidia for reinfection. The annual occurrence period is mainly affected by temperature, and the degree of incidence is affected by the amount of rain and the number of rainfall during the appropriate temperature period. It is a high-temperature and high-humidity disease. In Hengyang, Hunan, the average annual temperature between 25 and 28°C in August and September is not serious. During this period, if the temperature rises and rainfall increases, the disease will be endemic.
Control methods (1) Plant disease-resistant varieties. Such as the new oil on the 8th, the new oil on the 9th, the double on the 4th, Liangyou 586 and so on. Disease-free seeds were used, or seed soaked in warm water at 50°C for 5 minutes before sowing, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder of seed weight 0.4%. (2) In every year round with non-cruciferous vegetables. (3) Areas with severe disease should be sowed late and avoid high temperature and rainy season to control water and fertilizer. (4) Strengthen field management, choose land plots with higher groundwater and well-drained land, promptly eliminate water accumulation in fields, rationally apply fertilizers, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, clean the pastoral areas after harvest, deepen the land, and accelerate the decay of the sick and corpses. (5) Begin spraying 40% polysulfide suspension 700-800 times or 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times, 25% carbon tetrachloride wettable powder 500 times, 30% green leaf WP 600 times liquid, 80% anthrax Fumei WP 800 times, every 7-10 days 1 time, continuous control 2-3 times.
Tadalafil Intermediates are Intermediates of tadalafil.
Tadalafil is an oral drug that is used for treating impotence (the inability to attain or maintain a penile erection) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It is in a class of drugs called phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors that also includes sildenafil (Viagra) and vardenafil (Levitra). Erection of the penis is caused by the filling of the penis with blood. Filling occurs because the blood vessels that bring blood to the penis increase in size and deliver more blood to the penis, and, at the same time, the blood vessels that take blood away from the penis decrease in size and remove less blood from the penis. Sexual stimulation that leads to an erection causes the production and release of nitric oxide in the penis. The nitric oxide causes an enzyme, guanylate cyclase, to produce cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). It is cGMP that is primarily responsible for increasing and decreasing the size of blood vessels carrying blood to and from the penis, respectively, and causing an erection. When the cGMP is destroyed by another enzyme, phosphodiesterase-5, the blood vessels return to their normal size, blood leaves the penis, and the erection ends. Tadalafil prevents phosphodiesterase-5 from destroying cGMP so that cGMP stays around longer. The persistence of cGMP leads to a more prolonged engorgement of the penis with blood.
Tadalafil Intermediates
Tadalafil Intermediates,Tadalafil Intermediate Aphrodisiac Drug,Tadalafil Intermediate Chloropretadalafil,Tadalafil N-1 Powder Erectile Dysfunction
Jinan Jianfeng Chemical Co., Ltd. , https://www.pharmachemm.com
没有评论:
发表评论