Lawn pest control

First, the disease is based on different causes of the disease, lawn diseases can be divided into two categories. One is caused by biological hosts (pathogens), there is a clear phenomenon of infection, known as invasive disease; the other is caused by physical or chemical abiotic factors, no infection, known as non-invasive Sexual diseases. The pathogens of infective diseases mainly include fungi, bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma, and nematodes, among which the occurrence of fungal diseases is more serious. Single planting of susceptibility disease grass species or varieties is the main internal cause of disease occurrence. Environmental conditions such as climate, soil and cultivation and management conditions are external causes of disease. The common lawn diseases in the north mainly include the following types: Brown spot Brown spot disease is the most widespread disease on the lawn. It is one of the most important diseases of bluegrass. It often causes a large area of ​​lawn to die. (1) Characteristics: The infested leaves first appear water-soaked, the color becomes darker and darker, and finally they are dry and wilting and appear pale brown. Under warm and humid conditions, subtilis spots have a dark green to gray-brown invasive edge consisting of a wilting new diseased plant called the "smoke-like ring". This phenomenon is comparable when there is dew in the early morning or at high temperature. obvious. The higher turfgrass shows circular weeds and no "smoke ring" symptoms. Under dry conditions, the diameter of the subtilispot was up to 30 cm. The diseased plant in the central subtilis field recovered faster than that of the marginal diseased plant. As a result, the central part of the plant showed a green color and the edge was a yellow-brown ring. The turfgrass stains the disease. After the grass dies, it will be replaced by algae to form a blue crust on the ground. (2) Predisposing factors: mainly caused by over-application of nitrogen fertilizer under high temperature conditions, unventilated environment, excessive thick layer of subtilis, and other factors. (3) Management measures: balance fertilization, increase phosphorus and potash fertilizers, avoid partial nitrogen fertilizers, prevent flooding or flooding of large water, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, remove submerged grass layers and diseased bodies, and reduce the source of bacteria. The use of Seco, Mancozeb, Thiophanate, Carbendazim, Jinggangmycin and other drugs for prevention and treatment, the prevention concentration is generally 800 times, 300 to 500 times the treatment can be used. 2. Pythium (1) Characteristics: Pythium infestation of turfgrass causes browning and decay of roots, rhizomes and stems and leaves under conditions of high temperature and high humidity. A round yellow-brown weed spot with a diameter of 2 to 5 cm suddenly appeared on the lawn. Pruning grass spots on the lower lawn is initially small, but rapidly expanding. The grass with higher grass clippings has lower dry grass spots. The damaged plants are rotted and lodging, and they are dead on the ground. The dead and bald spots are round or irregular shapes ranging from 10 to 15 cm in diameter. The leaves of the diseased plants in the subtilis plant were rotted with dark brown water. After drying, the diseased leaves shrunk and the color became lighter. At the high temperature, there was a mass of cotton wool mycelia formed. Most of the adjacent subtilis spots can be confluent to form large, irregular dead-grass areas, which are often distributed in the lowest wet areas of the lawn. (2) Predisposing factors: In the conditions of high temperature and high humidity, the maximum temperature during the day is above 30°C, the minimum temperature is above 20°C during the night, the relative humidity is above 90%, and the duration is above 14 hours. Low water accumulation, poor soil, low organic matter content, poor ventilation, lack of phosphorus, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application. The main hazard period is from mid-June to mid-September in the high temperature and high humidity season. (3) Control methods: Improve site conditions and avoid water accumulation after rain. Rational irrigation, reduced irrigation times, control of irrigation volume, reduction of soil moisture in the root layer (10 to 15 cm), and reduction of turf microclimate relative humidity. Remove the weed layer in time and do not cut grass during the dew season in hot season to avoid the spread of germs. Balanced fertilization, reasonable pruning, do not over-frequent mowing in the hot season, and keep sorghum not too low, usually 5 to 6 cm. (4) Drug control: Shigao, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, and hymexazol. 3. Powdery mildew mainly damages Poa pratensis, Festuca mongolica, and Bermudagrass. Deterioration of the environment and light exposure are serious. (1) Main features: White moldy spots appear on the leaves, and then gradually expand into nearly round and oval molds, which are initially white and later stained gray and gray-brown. A white powdery substance forms on the surface of the mold. (2) Predisposing factors: poor management, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, shading, excessive plant density, and improper irrigation. (3) Control methods: plant disease-resistant varieties, strengthen cultivation and management, reduce nitrogen fertilizer use or use with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; reduce planting density, reduce shading of trees and shrubs around the lawn, in order to facilitate lawn ventilation and light transmission; reduce lawn moisture, Moderate irrigation, to avoid excessive drought on the lawn; pruning of grass that has been diseased in advance to reduce the source of re-infection. Use carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl for prevention and treatment. 2. Insect Pests Insect pests of turfgrass plants are relatively easy to control because they are less harmful to turfgrass than turfgrass diseases. However, if they are not controlled in time, they will cause extensive damage to lawns. According to their different parts, lawn pests can be divided into two categories: underground pests and stem and leaf pests. The common pests are: cockroaches, weevil, gold leaf insects, cockroaches, earthworms, grasshoppers, armyworms, aphids. For the prevention and control of underground pests, the main drugs are carbaryl and phoxim. For stem and leaf pests, the main control drugs are enemy kill, omethoate and so on. In short, the prevention and control of lawn diseases and pests should be mainly prevention, comprehensive prevention and control, understanding of the occurrence of major pests and diseases, clarifying the predisposing factors, and adopting comprehensive prevention and control measures. With the continuous increase in the introduction of turfgrass varieties, the use of not only to understand the growth habits, adaptability of the introduced species, but also its resistance to disease and insect screening. Varieties containing endophytic fungi have significantly increased insect resistance. Rational fertilization, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in high temperature, high humidity season, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Rational irrigation, reduce turf humidity, choose the right time for watering. Moderate pruning, pruning with dew is strictly prohibited during pruning, to keep the blade sharp, to separate the turf lesions, to prevent cross-infection, after the pruning of the blade disinfection, disease-prone season may be appropriate to improve the stubble height. The grass layer can be removed through grass combing and surface treatment to reduce the amount of bacteria and insects. The main pesticides for controlling pests and diseases are insecticides, acaricides and bactericides. They should be used in accordance with the instructions for use to prevent the occurrence of phytotoxicity.

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