Centrifugal pump working principle and basic structure

In water we know that when an open circle rotates around the central axis at an equal angular velocity, the water inside the circle becomes a parabolic rising concave surface, as shown in Figure 3-2. The larger the radius of the circle, the faster the liquid is transferred, the higher the height of the liquid as it rises along the circle. Centrifugal pump is based on this principle to work (see Figure 3-0), the difference is that the centrifugal pump impeller, pump housing is a special hydraulic calculation and design to complete.

Figure 3-3 is the basic structure of single-stage single-suction centrifugal pump commonly used in water supply and drainage engineering. The pump comprises a volute-shaped pump housing 1 and an impeller 3 mounted on the pump shaft 2 for rotation. The suction port of the volute-shaped pump casing is connected with the suction pipe 4 of the water pump, and the water outlet is connected with the water pressure pipe 5 of the pump. Pump impeller is generally composed of two circular cover plate, cover a number of curved leaves between the leaves of the channel between the water tank leaf, as shown in Figure 3-4. The impeller front cover has a large hole, which is the inlet of the impeller, which is installed in the pump housing suction port, and the pump suction pipe connected. Centrifugal pump prior to start, should be filled with water pump casing and suction pipe, and then drive the motor, impeller and water for high-speed rotary motion, at this time, the role of water by centrifugal force thrown out of the impeller, the scroll casing Flow into the water pump and pressure pipe into the pipe network to go. At the same time, the center of the pump impeller due to shuibeishuaichu and vacuum, the water in the suction tank under atmospheric pressure, along the pipe and a steady stream of impeller suction port, but also by the role of high-speed rotating impeller was thrown impeller Enter the pressurized water pipe, thus forming a continuous water pump.
It can be seen from the above that the working process of the centrifugal pump is actually a process of transferring and transforming working energy. It converts electric and rotating mechanical energy into kinetic energy and potential energy of the liquid being pumped. During this process of transmission and conversion, Accompanied by a lot of energy loss, the greater the energy loss, the worse the performance of the centrifugal pump, the lower the work efficiency.

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