Abalone mushroom production is the process of decomposing and using straw waste of mycelium of abalone mushroom and using bioenergy to synthesize high-quality bacterial protein. It has the characteristics of wide raw material source, easy cultivation, short cycle, low investment, quick effect and high yield. It has the unique advantage of not competing with others for raw materials, squeezing labor when not competing with people for food, competing for land, competing with land, or competing with farmers. In addition, a large number of high-quality bacteria produced in production can be used as high-quality fertilizers for agricultural production. Therefore, the cultivation of abalone mushrooms is of great significance in promoting a virtuous circle of agricultural ecology, ensuring sustainable development of agriculture, and increasing the income of farmers.
First, the preparation of cultivation materials:
Formulation 1: 92% cottonseed husk, 5% bran, 1% soybean cake powder, 1% superphosphate, 1% plaster, plus 2% lime.
Recipe 2: Corncob 85%, bran bran 10%, ternary compound fertilizer 1%, plant ash 1%, lime 3%.
Formulation 3: wheat straw powder 75%, bran 10%, cornmeal 10%, lime 2%, gypsum 2%, superphosphate 1%, plus urea 0.3%.
When mixing ingredients, the key is to control the moisture content, generally controlled at 60% to 65%. With wet material in hand, it is advisable to see the water between the fingers without dripping. Mix and suffocate for 30 minutes. The cultivation material is to be fermented by stacking the raw mix materials into a stock pile with a width of 1.0 to 1.5 m and a height of 1.0 to 1.5 m and an unlimited length. After the stockpiles are built, use a wooden stick with a diameter of 4cm to puncture holes in the stockpiles. Each hole is 40-45cm apart, and then cover the plastic film or straw curtain. When the stockpile temperature naturally rises to 65 to 70°C, it is held for 24 hours, and then the first turning is performed. Thus, the turning is performed three times.
Second, loading sowing: When using bags (26 ~ 28) cm (40 ~ 45) cm (0.015 ~ 0.020) cm polyethylene bags. Seed sowing with 3 layers of 2 layers. Sowing rate is generally 10% to 15% of the material is appropriate. After sowing, use a pin or small nail to pierce the holes between the ends and the intermediate bacteria species, and tie 8 to 12 holes. When bagging and sowing, it is necessary to pay attention to the size of the bacterium and the size of the bacterium is generally jujube.
Third, the germ administration: the use of bacterial bag stacking method, generally 2 to 4 layers is appropriate, bags, between the layers to maintain a certain gap, this time management to shade, moisturizing, the greenhouse temperature is controlled at about 20 °C. After germination, the mycelium grows vigorously, the oxygen demand is large, and the management is mainly based on heat dissipation and ventilation. Pay attention to turning and check the contamination of germs. The temperature within the material should not exceed 30%, preferably 20 to 25 °C, this period lasts about 10 days. After the mycelium is over the material surface, it extends into the material until it is full of hyphae in the material. At this time, ventilation and cooling are still the main factors. The color of the mycelium is further thickened, and the mycelium is transformed into fruit bodies. At this time, the management focus is: First, lower the temperature and increase the temperature difference. Generally 8 to 10 °C, low temperature can stimulate the formation of the original base, the temperature below 20 °C is appropriate. The second is to increase the humidity, air relative humidity of more than 85%. The third is to increase the light, remove the sunscreen, use light to inhibit the growth of mycelium, and promote the kinks.
Fourth, high-yield cultivation methods: cultivation of abalone with nutritive soil. Due to the use of sterile, insect-free, nutrient-rich nutrients and auxin-rich nutrient soils, it acts as a self-regulating water and fertilizer source, providing energy and nutrients for abalone mushrooms to achieve high yields. The fruiting biology efficiency is about 150%. The high-yield cultivation of abalone mushroom contains two aspects: preparation of nutrient soil and cultivation method.
1. Preparation of nutritious soil: nutrient soil to be good ventilation, a strong adsorption, a group, therefore, to dig more than 20cm of vegetable garden or fertile soil with fine sand mixing. After mixing and screening, add 3kg of dried chicken manure, 100kg of arboriculture ash, 100g of glyphosate, and 10mL of cypermethrin in 100kg of nutritious soil. Spray the clean well water or tap water onto each layer of soil and mix well.
2. Cultivation methods:
(1) Single-side buried soil cover cultivation: dig trenches with a width of 80 to 100 cm and a depth of 25 to 30 cm every 40 cm, and fill the bottom water. One end of the fungus bag will retain a plastic tube of 6-8 cm, and all other plastic parts will be removed. Keep one end of the plastic tube upright and discharge it in the sulcus, 4 to 5 rows per sulcus. The specific discharge method is as follows: When discharging, the bag mouth is firstly attached, and the gap around 2cm is reserved around the bacteria block. The top surface of the bacteria block is level with the walkway. The top and all sides of the fungus bag are filled with nutrient soil, and then flooded with water for 1 time to soak the boring machine. Each time water is supplied to keep the surface wet.
(2) Underlying soil cover cultivation: dig a width of 80 to 100 cm and a depth of 25 to 30 cm every 40 cm, and fill the bottom water. The fungus bag will retain the plastic film that occupies 1/3 of the surface diameter, and the rest will be removed. The side with the plastic film is facing upwards and the bacteria pieces are discharged laterally in the gingival sulcus. When buds emerge, the upper plastic film is cut horizontally from the middle and pulled apart on both sides, but it is not removed. After a mushroom is finished, the plastic film is pulled back to facilitate the moistening of the lumps, prompting the early squash to simmer, and often spraying water to keep it moist.
Fifth, mushroom management: This stage is the mushroom body that is the formation phase of fruiting bodies, is the key period for obtaining the high yield of abalone mushroom.
1. Primordial period management: Mycelium begins to kink after full growth and development to achieve physiological maturity. At this time, the mycelium should be lightened, humidified, cooled to about 15°C, and the temperature difference should be widened, so that the mycelium at both ends of the fungus bag is twisted into white meat. Small protrusions. If the conditions are appropriate, they will be spread on both ends of the bag or the part of the mushroom after 3 days. The relative humidity of the air is kept between 85% and 90%. If the relative humidity of the primordial surface is relatively low, fine mist can be sprayed to the surrounding environment. However, the surface of the primordial surface cannot contain water. Otherwise, the primordium will be yellow, wilting and rot.
2. Management of mulberry period: The primordium is further differentiated and a bundle of light green buds and buds are formed on the original pile, resembling mulberry. This stage is also sensitive to moisture requirements and still needs to maintain high air humidity. If the surface is dry, fine mist can be sprayed lightly.
3. Coral management: During this period, the stipe is obviously elongated and staggered. The cap is clearly visible and the shape of the coral can be appropriately increased. Indoors or cellar cultivation Properly open windows, doors or vents in order to get enough fresh air.
4. Baby mushroom management: This period is the period when the mushroom body needs the largest amount of water, and the relative humidity of the air is increased to 95%. Generally from the appearance of mushroom buds to the first to take 5 ~ 8d. At this time, the mushroom body is compact, with a fine texture, shiny surface, and the largest weight, and is the best time for harvesting.
6. Harvest: The best time for the harvest of abalone mushrooms is 8-9 ripening, that is, the largest cap within one layer of mushroom is not more than 9cm, and more than 70% of the cap is controlled within 3-6cm. When harvesting, use your hands to gently remove and remove the impurities such as the cottonseed skin on the base of the stipe, and put the bacteria on the bottom and put the stipe upwards into a clean container for sale or further processing.
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