Researchers in Norway are working on a membrane-less sodium-zinc liquid metal cell that is said to work with renewable energy systems to achieve large-scale energy storage systems.
A team of researchers at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) developed a battery system with three layers of liquid: the top sodium as the negative electrode, the middle layer the sodium chloride-based electrolyte, the bottom layer The zinc is positive.
The researchers aimed to develop the concept of a liquid metal cell (LMB) based on static molten salt without having to use an ion-selective membrane. The materials being explored by researchers are relatively plentiful and inexpensive, with less impact on the environment. Implementing these new concepts in liquid metal cells will help to make current densities higher and safer than existing molten salt battery systems and allow for lower manufacturing costs.
To avoid reactions between zinc-containing ions and sodium electrodes, researchers placed porous membranes or spacers between the electrodes. The use of cheaper and more durable diaphragm materials replaces the easy-to-crack, expensive β-alumina ion selective membrane, thereby significantly improving the performance of liquid metal cells while reducing costs.
The researchers chose to use immiscible electrolytes and electrodes to help ensure a safe battery system that would discharge less likely to cause mechanical problems without any undesirable effects such as a fire or explosion. This is comparable to sodium-sulfur (NaS) molten salt batteries proven to be used for grid storage; however, sodium-ion selective membranes must be used for NaS molten salt batteries, but this adds substantial expense and impedance to the battery and, in the event of a thin film rupture There will be a violent reaction and even a fire.
NTNU's research team is now working with SINTEF, a local molten-salt electrochemical specialist, to create lab-scale battery designs and developments, as well as battery performance and materials testing.
The program will be held until 2018 and will be sponsored by The Research Council of Norway.
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