The disposal of domestic waste has always been a challenge for urban development. In response to this problem, Professor Jin Fangming from Shanghai Jiaotong University School of the Environment took the lead in utilizing the technology for combustion treatment of domestic waste using hydrothermal oxidation technology. Hydrothermal oxidation is a relatively new oxidation method, usually carried out in high temperature and pressure water. The organic matter is oxidized and decomposed into carbon dioxide and water, so that there is no "fire" burning and the garbage becomes pollution-free "treasure."
Summer heat, the summer is coming, the treatment of household waste gradually becomes a big problem as the temperature rises, and the domestic garbage is not properly handled, which will greatly affect the appearance of large-scale cities. In particular, the disposal of domestic waste has always been a chronic problem in Shanghai. In response to this problem, Professor Jin Fangming from Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Environment took the lead in utilizing the technology of hydrothermal oxidation to treat household garbage by burning it. This "fireless" combustion turned garbage into pollution-free "treasure" . This kind of "burning" in the water does not produce pollution such as sulfide, but also does not generate carcinogenic substances. Even chemicals such as plastic bags can dissolve, and after the first ignition, energy is no longer consumed. At present, this technology has been used in the third restaurant of Shanghai Jiaotong University. With the help of far-sighted entrepreneurs, it hopes to gradually realize technology from pilot to large-scale industrialization.
Twenty years of technical breakthrough cracking organic waste disposal and resource utilization problems
The traditional method of MSW disposal mainly uses landfill and incineration. Landfill disposal of landfill leachate, garbage generated methane and other pollutants is difficult to export, collection and processing, not only cause serious pollution to the surrounding environment, but there are security risks, seriously affecting the image of the town; and garbage Incineration is prone to two VA British and other toxic gases, air pollution and odor, the surrounding environment has a serious impact. At the same time, these simple garbage disposal methods can not effectively utilize the rubbish and do not meet the requirements of modern urban construction and development.
The traditional method of MSW disposal mainly uses landfill and incineration. Landfill disposal of landfill leachate, garbage generated methane and other pollutants is difficult to export, collection and processing, not only cause serious pollution to the surrounding environment, but there are security risks, seriously affecting the image of the town; and garbage Incineration is prone to two VA British and other toxic gases, air pollution and odor, the surrounding environment has a serious impact. At the same time, these simple garbage disposal methods can not effectively utilize the rubbish and do not meet the requirements of modern urban construction and development.
Municipal solid waste, kitchen waste, waste paper and various types of biomass-containing products with high moisture content, high levels of fat and organic waste accounted for the vast majority of these rubbish easy to breed pests and bacteria and smell, Seriously affect the urban environment, but due to its high moisture content, it is difficult to carry out traditional incineration, landfill will result in more difficult to solve secondary pollution and disease transmission. At the same time, the biomass resources that are rich in rubbish have not been effectively reused, but instead become the source of pollution of the environment.
In addition, the existing methods of biological fermentation to dispose of household garbage (including kitchen waste) can effectively treat the biomass resources in the garbage and convert it into chemical products such as methane, but the residual residues of such garbage are still not solved , Smell and other secondary pollution problems. In the meantime, the biological fermentative method requires a longer period, lower biomass conversion rate, and less efficient utilization of resources.
Hydrothermal oxidation is a relatively new oxidation process and is generally carried out in high temperature and pressure (100-400 ° C, 2-30 MPa) water. The organic matter is oxidatively decomposed to carbon dioxide and water, also known as wet oxidation / wet oxidation. Wet combustion technology originated in the United States for the combustion treatment of papermaking black liquor such high concentration, non-degradable organic wastewater. When the concentration of organic matter in water reaches 2%, the heat released by the wet combustion of organic matter can sustain the spontaneous reaction of the system. When the concentration of organic matter in water exceeds 2%, the heat released by combustion can be recycled. Later developed to use super / sub-critical hydrothermal oxidation decomposition of high-water sludge, industrial wastewater and toxic and hazardous substances.
Professor Kim has devoted himself to promoting green water and heat technology and has been conducting research in this direction for more than 20 years. In the early years, he pioneered new research aimed at combating domestic waste for power generation using hydrothermal oxidation technology. Studies using various types of household waste such as vegetables, meat, fish and fats have found the interesting fact that, regardless of the composition of the waste, after oxidation under hydrothermal conditions, acetic acid All remain as the final product that is difficult to continue to decompose, but if acetic acid continues to be decomposed, a higher temperature or other catalyst needs to be used, resulting in an increase in cost.
However, as an extremely important chemical raw material, acetic acid itself is a very valuable product. Therefore, Professor Kim's research turned to the new direction of more eco-friendly and low-carbon production of acetic acid by selective oxidation of acetic acid to household waste. All of the original organic waste will eventually be converted to refractory acetic acid, and this result instead makes hydrothermal oxidation technology has a great advantage in dealing with the complex composition of domestic waste. From the junk model compound to the actual solid waste mixture, Prof. Jin completed a series of experimental studies on hydrothermal oxidation and found out the transformation rules of each of the garbage components in the hydrothermal oxidation process. This series of research results have been compiled into text, so far, has published many papers on SCI core journals.
Technical transformation and upgrading of continuous domestic water thermal oxidation equipment used in practice
In order to further promote the application of hydrothermal technology, Prof. Jin-ming Jin has utilized the accumulated experience of laboratory research to develop a pilot-scale continuous solid waste water thermal oxidation equipment. The installation and operation of the equipment have been completed and completed A hundred kilograms of domestic waste water thermal oxidation experiment, the treatment effect is good. The equipment is now successfully installed near five meals at Shanghai Jiao Tong University and is designed to handle the waste produced by the teachers 'and students' canteens. This method not only reduces shipping costs but also avoids the usual waste disposal The stench problem of transport, as soon as the rubbish is produced and sent to conversion, can almost 100% oxidize and decompose organics in the waste while ensuring that nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus-containing substances, which may cause environmental pollution, are dissolved in the water , Only need to be dealt with simply to meet emission standards. At present, Professor Jin Fangming has declared a number of patents on hydrothermal oxidation of domestic waste and is conducting further research and development on the expansion.
In addition, Prof. Jin Fangming also conducted further exploration and research on the existing problems in the hydrothermal oxidation technology. The development of new technologies such as the multi-stage hydrothermal oxidation process and the new-type oxidants has yielded gratifying results . At present, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Environment strongly supports the development and application of such new technologies. At the same time, it actively conducts cutting-edge exploration, basic and applied research on the development and utilization of clean energy, renewable energy and new energy, focusing on the resources of CO2 Transformation and conversion of biomass and solid waste resources, the development of photocatalytic materials and hydrolysis of hydrogen, new solar cells, electrochemical energy storage materials and other forefront of exploration and applied research, and strive to build an internationally influential innovation in the field of energy Research platform, hoping to make our due contribution to the green treatment of organic waste.
Professor Jin Fangming said that while doing research and development, actively promoting the new technology in the field of environmental protection is of great significance. Hope to collaborate with different departments to achieve classification of transport, classification and disposal, so that waste recycling of organic waste into treasure, so that urban living garbage really harmless
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