Organic manure is an indispensable source of fertilizer in vegetable production. It plays an important role in fertility, nutrient supply, and quality improvement of vegetable products. It has received increasing attention in the production of pollution-free vegetables. However, there are still some misunderstandings in the application of organic fertilizers and some negative results in practice. Therefore, for the current production situation, the author puts forward some issues that need to be paid attention to in the application of organic fertilizers.
I. Advocate the use of fully cooked organic compost
Organic waste such as livestock and poultry manure and crop straw is a good source of organic fertilizer. However, if it is used without treatment, it may contain more germs, eggs, grass seeds, etc., which can easily cause damage to vegetables, pests and weeds. In addition, it will also cause food hygiene problems through the spread of diseases that are harmful to human health. In addition, the direct use of organic waste, as it will be further fermented in the field, compete with the vegetable root oxygen, generate a lot of heat, easily lead to burning seedlings phenomenon, resulting in lack of seedlings broken ridge.
Second, the use of commodity organic fertilizer should pay attention to the composition of fertilizer and harmless treatment status, should not pursue the pursuit of fecal odor
At present, a considerable number of vegetable farmers lack organic fertilizer sources in vegetable production, mainly by purchasing commodity organic fertilizers. When purchasing, it is often influenced by habits and experiences, thinking that “organic fertilizer is not a real organic fertilizer, and some wood chips and other organic fertilizers are adulterants.” In fact, this is a big misunderstanding. The majority of farmers do not understand the production process of organic fertilizer. The vast majority of organic fertilizers currently produced are made using organic materials for high temperature fermentation. In the fermentation process, if the supply of air, temperature control and microbial species, and deodorant substances are well controlled, no odor will be produced in the fermentation process and the produced fermented products. Some products even have It will have a special scent; only those products that are not fermented, have insufficient fermentation, and are anaerobic fermented will have odors. Such products are not really high quality organic fertilizers. In addition, in order to promote smooth fermentation, it is often necessary to adjust the C/N ratio and the moisture content of the material by adding wood chips and the like. Therefore, it is completely normal that the fermentation product contains some wood chips and the like, and it is not an adulterated fertilizer. The current organic fertilizer product standards have made explicit requirements for the nutrient content of fertilizers, and have also established a harmless index. Therefore, the selection of reputable manufacturers to produce the target commodity organic fertilizer is the guarantee for the safe production of vegetables.
Third, the amount of organic fertilizer should not be pursued too much, too concentrated
Organic fertilizers have a relatively slower fertilizer effect and lower nutrient content, so they are used in larger amounts and are considered to be safe fertilizers. However, the application of organic fertilizers is not a matter of increasing the amount, but it must also be a matter of degree. Excessive fertilization results in waste of fertilizer, environmental pollution, and secondary salinization of the soil.
Fourth, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizers should be reasonable use
The development of pollution-free food emphasizes the application of organic fertilizers, but it should not deny the role of chemical fertilizers. Although the organic nutrients are very comprehensive, the proportion is not very reasonable. Applying only organic fertilizer is not balanced fertilization. As we all know, different vegetable crops require different proportions of nutrient requirements, and they must be targeted and reasonably supplied to better meet their growth needs. Although chemical fertilizers have a single nutrient component or only a combination of several nutrient components, a reasonable balance of supply of nutrients can be achieved through the rational use of several fertilizers or the use of special compound fertilizers. If the reasonable combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is used, it will not only be beneficial to balanced fertilization but also have a good effect on vegetable soil improvement and other aspects. In addition, it is necessary or very beneficial to add fertilizers to certain organic fertilizers. For example, the C/N ratio of some organic fertilizer sources is high, and nitrogen will be competed with nitrogen due to the need of microbial activity after being applied to the soil, causing nitrogen deficiency. . This type of organic fertilizer must be given a suitable amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer. Another organic fertilizer with phosphate fertilizer is also conducive to improving the efficiency of phosphorus. In the production practice, using organic fertilizers in combination with partial chemical fertilizers as the base fertilizer and chemical fertilizers as top-dressing fertilizers can give full play to the advantages of combination of slow and effective fertilizers, and regulate the growth and quality of vegetables. This is an ideal fertilization method.
Application of semi-rotten organic fertilizer, straw, etc.
Some local farmers have the habit of applying semi-ripe organic fertilizer or straw directly to the field. At this time, attention should be paid to the fertilization method. When fertilizing, space or time should be placed on the crop roots to avoid burning seedlings. In addition, the application rate should not be too large at one time.
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